Angstrom Advanced Knowledge Base: Hydrogen Generating Plant

Hydrogen Plant Electrolyser

Oxygen and electrolyte from anode side are pumped into oxygen separator, there oxygen separates with electrolyte under the action of gravity, then oxygen passes through oxygen cooler, be cooled to the temperature of 30~425℃, where after it passes through oxygen demister to remove liquid water from gas. The electrolyte at the bottom of oxygen separator is pumped back to oxygen side cell of the electrolyser after filtering and cooling, oxygen side circulation is finished.

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According to the capacity and work pressure of hydrogen generator, the handling capacity of hydrogen purifier is determined. In order to guarantee the quality of hydrogen after purification, we use purified hydrogen as regeneration gas.

The total system includes hydrogen generator, hydrogen purifier, electrical and control unit as well as a hydrogen buffer tank and a storage container. In this unit, water is decomposed into hydrogen and oxygen through electrolysis, the equation is: 2H2O==2 H2+O2. There is a hydrogen buffer tank between hydrogen generator and hydrogen purification equipment; it is used to remove dissociative water from hydrogen and to keep the pressure of hydrogen purification unit stable. Hydrogen flows into purifier though this buffer. The action of purification equipment is to purify the hydrogen generated by hydrogen generator. The oxygen is removed though chemical reaction under the action of catalyst, and water is removed by the way of adsorption.

Hydrogen, oxygen and electrolyte are sent to hydrogen and oxygen separators installed in auxiliary equipment frame, there hydrogen and oxygen are separated with electrolyte under the action of gravity, hydrogen and oxygen gases pass through hydrogen and oxygen coolers separately and are cooled to the temperature of 30~425℃, then pass through hydrogen and oxygen demisters to remove liquefied water from gases, then hydrogen and oxygen are supplied out. The pressure of the system is raised to and maintained at the set pressure by means of regulation valve. The electrolyte at the bottom of hydrogen and oxygen separators is pumped back to electrolyser after filtering and cooling, then, one circle is finished.

The hydrogen from the Angstrom Advanced water electrolysis process has the advantages of high purity and simple composition, normally only has the impurities like oxygen and water, it is easy to purify it to much higher purity used in electronic industry.

There is a hydrogen buffer tank between hydrogen generator and hydrogen purification equipment; it is used to remove dissociative water from hydrogen and to keep the pressure of hydrogen purification unit stable. Hydrogen flows into purifier though this buffer. The action of purification equipment is to purify the hydrogen generated by hydrogen generator. The oxygen is removed though chemical reaction under the action of catalyst, and water is removed by the way of adsorption.

Overview

Electrolysis is the passage of a direct electric current through an ionic substance that is either molten or dissolved in a suitable solvent, resulting in chemical reactions at the electrodes and separation of materials.

The main components required to achieve electrolysis are:

• An electrolyte: a substance containing free ions which are the carriers of electric current in the electrolyte.
• If the ions are not mobile, as in a solid salt then electrolysis cannot occur.
• A direct current (DC) supply : provides the energy necessary to create or discharge the ions in the electrolyte.
• Electric current is carried by electrons in the external circuit.
• Two electrodes: an electrical conductor which provides the physical interface between the electrical circuit providing the energy and the electrolyte
• Electrodes of metal, graphite and semiconductor material are widely used. Choice of suitable electrode depends on chemical reactivity between the electrode and electrolyte and the cost of manufacture.

Electrolysis Process

The key process of electrolysis is the interchange of atoms and ions by the removal or addition of electrons from the external circuit. The required products of electrolysis are in some different physical state from the electrolyte and can be removed by some physical processes. For example, in the electrolysis of brine to produce hydrogen and chlorine, the products are gaseous. These gaseous products bubble from the electrolyte and are collected.

A liquid containing mobile ions (electrolyte) is produced by

• Solvation or reaction of an ionic compound with a solvent (such as water) to produce mobile ions
• An ionic compound is melted (fused) by heating
• An electrical potential is applied across a pair of electrodes immersed in the electrolyte.

Each electrode attracts ions that are of the opposite charge. Positively charged ions (cations) move towards the electron-providing (negative) cathode, whereas negatively charged ions (anions) move towards the positive anode.

At the electrodes, electrons are absorbed or released by the atoms and ions. Those atoms that gain or lose electrons to become charged ions pass into the electrolyte. Those ions that gain or lose electrons to become uncharged atoms separate from the electrolyte. The formation of uncharged atoms from ions is called discharging. The energy required to cause the ions to migrate to the electrodes, and the energy to cause the change in ionic state, is provided by the external source of electrical potential.