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The technology of air-to-nitrogen production with the use of adsorption processes in nitrogen generators is well studied and widely applied at industrial facilities for the recovery of high-purity nitrogen.
The operating principle of a nitrogen generator utilizing the adsorption
technology is based on the dependence of the adsorption rates featured by
various gas mixture components upon pressure and temperature factors. Among
nitrogen adsorption plants of various types, Pressure swing adsorption (PSA)
plants have found the broadest application world-wide.
The system’s design, readily available by Angstrom Advanced, is based on the regulation of gas adsorption and adsorbent
regeneration by means of changing pressures in two
adsorber–adsorbent-containing vessels. This process requires constant temperature,
close to ambient.
With this process, nitrogen is produced by the plant at the above-atmospheric
pressure, while the adsorbent regeneration is accomplished at below-atmospheric
pressure. The swing adsorption process in each of the two adsorbers consists of two
stages running for a few minutes. At the adsorption stage the adsorbent serves
to adsorb predominantly one of the gas mixture components with the recovery of
product nitrogen. At the regeneration stage the adsorbed component is released
from the adsorbent and is vented in the atmosphere. The process is then
multiply repeated.